Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Do Not Challenge an Owl - 802 Words
We start this myth in the Greek Aegean sea. Warrior Potatoession was out traveling on her own. Originally, this was a personal pleasure cruise. She was a strong woman, but everybody needs a break at one point. But it wonââ¬â¢t stay that long for our young warrior. As she was sailing near a rocky island, a pained winnie cut through the peaceful air. A pegasus fell from above and landed on the island, too far for Poseidon to heal him. As Potatoession got closer, she noticed owl feathers all over the pegasus wing, which was now broken. ââ¬Å"What the underworld are owl feathers doing on a pegasus wing?â⬠She said to herself. ââ¬Å"Maybe he ran into an owl... weird.â⬠The pegasus whined in pain. Potatoession, not knowing that she shouldve just put him in the water, hauled the poor animal onto her boat. As she was sailing home, a loud rumble from inside the water shook her boat and roared out. Slowly but surely, a face appeared in the water waves. She then realized that it was Poseidon, the sea god, and father of all horses and pegasi. ââ¬Å"I see that you have found one of my childrenâ⬠, his voice boomed. ââ¬Å"This is your kid?â⬠she replied. ââ¬Å" Yes, and I need him to be healed. But Iââ¬â¢m not capable to do so right now. His mother, Medusa, and i are going somewhere tonight. You know, sort of a... date, you know? If you wish to stay in human form and not a pitiful sea slug, I suggest you bring him into your house and heal him yourself.â⬠ââ¬Å"A date, huh?â⬠Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge814 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridgeâ⬠is the Way to Go There were many short stories and poems throughout the unit ââ¬Å"Owning Consequences.â⬠Two of those included ââ¬Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridgeâ⬠by Ambrose Bierce and ââ¬Å"The Ravenâ⬠by Edgar Allen Poe. Reading a good story or poem is important, because it will increase a persons knowledge and imaginary, but books should not be too challenging or it will take away from the joy of reading. ââ¬Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridgeâ⬠was the best story read becauseRead MoreEssay on Bless Me Ultima1232 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe darkness of the river. (Anaya, 99) 3. Ultimas owl plays as a protector, a guard, a comforter, and as Ultimas soul. Owls symbolize death according to ancient cultures. I felt safe in the warm sweetness of the room. Outside the owl sang its dark questioning to the night, and I slept. (Anaya, 25) It was when he said that the owl was the spirit of Ultima that everything I had ever known about Ultima and her bird seemed to make sense. The owl was the protective spirit of Ultima, the spirit ofRead MoreReading : Child Of The Owl1126 Words à |à 5 PagesOutside Reading: Child of the Owl 1.The book Child of the Owl talks about an American-Chinese girl called Casey, learning how to accept the culture of China when living in the Chinatown. As we know, at that time American-Chinese neither Chinese or Americans. They are crowded out by native Americans, cause they appearances are same with Asians, the foreigns. On the other side, American-Chinese speaks English, eat American food, have American teachers and friends, learn American culture. ChineseRead MoreThe Controversy over Ultima1038 Words à |à 4 Pagescandle,and I saw three women. Then Ultima spoke to the three women. ââ¬Å" You have done evil,â⬠she sang, ââ¬Å" But good is stronger than evil, ââ¬Å"And what you sought to do will undo you...(101).â⬠Thatââ¬â¢s not the only thing she uses that could be considered black magic. She uses herbs from the llano to help people. She believes that the herbs she gets can do a number of things.â⬠Ultima and I walked in the hills of the llano, gatheri ng the wild herbs and roots for her medicines. We roamed the entire countryside andRead MoreAnalysis Of Benjamin Hoff s The Tao Of Pooh Essay1182 Words à |à 5 Pagesââ¬Å"Great Secretâ⬠which is the key that unlocks wisdom, happiness, and truth. Hoff describes Rabbit, Eeyore, and Owl as the thinkers. Rabbitââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"knowledge for the sake of being cleverâ⬠gets in the way of his ability to understand things. The abrasive Eeyore attitude is referred to as ââ¬Å"knowledge for the sake of complaining about somethingâ⬠and prevents wisdom, happiness, and accomplishments. Owl represents the exact opposite of Pooh and embodies ââ¬Å"knowledge for the sake of being wiseâ⬠. These individualsRead MoreDifferences Of Athena And Minerva801 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe Ancient Greeks worshipped. One goddess that is very similar in both Greek and Roman mythology is Athena (Greek) and Minerva (Roman). However, many people believe that since Athena and Minerva come from two different cultures and influences they do not share any similarities. This is true to a sense. Some differences that Athena and Minerva have are Athena was a very large part of Greek mythology, while Minerva was a minor goddess of arts to the Romans. Another difference is Athena was worshippedRead MoreA Mystery Of Heroism, And Ambrose Bierce s An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge1308 Words à |à 6 Pagesreally are. In literature, this shift toward the realization of the true nature of war marked a departure from romanticism into realism. Works like Stephan Craneââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Mystery of Heroismâ⬠and Ambrose Bierceââ¬â¢s An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge demonstrate the brutal challenges that ordinary people face while a nation is at strife. Even though Jack Londonââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"To Build a Fire â⬠was far removed from the Continental United States in setting, it is still heavily influenced by the atmosphere that the CivilRead MoreDesigning A New Automated Customer Service System1324 Words à |à 6 Pagesoptimal results. Starbucks saw a measurable profit increase after implementing their Mobile Order and Pay program. It goes without saying the essentiality of observing what others have done in this field, inciting an understanding of the risks and challenges associated with such an endeavor. For this purpose, let us observe the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and their virtual representative, Cosmo. Due to the size of their catalogue, the NLM had integrated Cosmo as an addition to their alreadyRead MoreDifferences Between Macduff And Lady Macbeth844 Words à |à 4 Pagesrestricted to the role of caretaker for their family. In Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth, the essential example of being a woman is Lady Macduff. She cares for her children and will do anything to protect them. Breaking this traditional role is Lady Macbeth who is depicted as unfit for the job of being a mother. She constantly challenges the role of gender through her actions and words. Lady Macduff and Lady Macbeth are designed to contrast each other in order to enhance certain qualities in their characterRead MoreChallenges Of Time Management As An Adult Learner1019 Words à |à 4 Pagescommon inside the institutions of higher education. This is because, many of these individuals are returning to school in order to be more competitive in the job market. As, it is demanding specialized skills and the ability to adapt with different challenges employers are facing. (Newbaker, 2012) Evidence of the can be seen with a study that was conducted by the National Student Clearinghouse. They determined that this segment of the population, accounts for 38 percent of all students inside post secondary
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Nike Inc. Study of Value Chain Functions and How They...
Nike Inc.: Study of value chain functions and how they contribute to the success of Nike. Prepared by Helgi Frimannsson MBA 640A Dr. Norcio 2/19/2007 When Bill Bowerman, a former track-and-field coach at University of Oregon and co-founder of Nike Inc, once said if you have a body, you are an athlete, his words marked the foundation for a future business venture. Built on this quote is Nikeà ´s mission statement that states: bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world. In reality it means supporting all athletic activities regardless of anything else. This simple and ambitious yet humble objective has led Nike to the top of multi-billion dollar business category that is selling athletic footwear andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(Nike sports research lab, 2007) Results of product testing and development are some of Nike s trademarked technical innovations featured in high performance products. Nike made famous the Air Sole a high level cushioning system found in many of Nike s earlier and current athletic shoes. The Shox technology a more recent footwear cushioning system that provides ultimate stability and comfort level. (Product technology Ãâ" footwear, 2006) Nike has also developed dozens of trademarked technologies in apparel, most notably the dri-fit fabric which wicks moisture away from the body and allows the fabric to remain dry and lightweight. (Product technology Ãâ" apparel, 2006) Nike+ is a new product twist from Nike that proves its innovative thinking that benefits athletes. The device and software product is a collaboration project with Apple Computers the makers of the popular mp3 player, the Ipod. Nike+ system allows joggers to synch their Ipod Nano with Nike+ running shoes through a special device placed inside the shoe-sole. It then provides accurate real-time information about distance and speed of their runs displayed while enjoying music on the Ipod Nano. Launched in 2006, Nike+ is an example of Nikeà ´s will to inspire athletes through innovation. (Nikeplus, 2007) Design Like all sellers of consumer products, Nikeà ´s success is grounded in acquiring and maintaining high level of customer acceptance of itsShow MoreRelatedNike Marketing Strategy7428 Words à |à 30 PagesDescription of marketing strategies applied by Nike Air Force 4.1 Challenges Forcing Nike to Focus More on Marketing Sportswear is defined primarily as apparel and footwear made for sports participation, though is now also includes casual clothes worn by people for daily activities (E. Ko, C. R. Taylor, et al., 2012). The sportswear market is one of the most price-competitive markets throughout the globe. Within the UK, items of sportswear are purchased by almost 90% of people under 35 years ofRead MoreWhat Is Strategic Management?7190 Words à |à 29 Pagesprice. Furniture was first added to the IKEA product range in 1947 and, in-house design in 1955. Nowadays, IKEA owns around 250 stores in over 34 countries (Yahoo, 2006). Nike, Inc. is the largest sports manufacturer in the world and sells athletic footwear, apparel, and sports equipment. The company takes its name from Nike, the Greek Goddess of Victory. It was founded by Bill Bowerman and Philip H. Knight in 1964. Knight had the idea of introducing low-price, high-tech athletic footwear to theRead MoreUsing Value-Chain Analysis to Discover Customers Strategic Needs4793 Words à |à 20 PagesUsing value-chain analysis to discover customersââ¬â¢ strategic needs David W. Crain and Stan Abraham David Crain, a marketing and strategy consultant, is visiting professor of marketing at Whittier College, CA, and former Director of Marketing at Fluor Corporation (davidwcrain@aol.com). Stan Abraham is professor of strategy and entrepreneurship at Cal Poly Pomona (scabraham@ csupomona.edu) and author of Strategic Planning: A Practical Guide for Competitive Success (Thomson South-Western, 2006). Read MoreComplete Project on Nike16139 Words à |à 65 PagesA SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON MARKETING STRATEGY OF NIKE AT ââ¬Å"NIKESHOES INDUSTRIES LIMITEDâ⬠SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) TRAINING SUPERVISOR SUBMITTED BY SESSION 2005-2008 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The present work is an effort to throw some light on Marketing Strategy of Nike at ââ¬Å"Nike Industries Limitedâ⬠. The work would not have been possible to come to the present shape without the able guidance, supervision and helpRead Morenike vs adidas Essay14192 Words à |à 57 PagesVS 1 A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS OF MARKETING STRATERGIES FOLLOWED BY NIKE AND ADIDAS TEAM MEMBERS ANUPAMA VENU CLAES JOTORP DEEPAK TUSHIR GUSTAV TENERZ SAIRAM KRISHNAN SANJAY SHARMA SUNANDA SURESH 09014 09126 09032 09128 09088 09090 09112 2 INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BRIEF ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY 1.2. BRIEF DEFINITON OF INDUSTRY 1.2.1.TRENDS IN THE INDUSTRY 1.2.2.MARKET ANALYSIS 1.2.3.MAJOR PLAYERS AND MARKET SHARES 1.3. MAJOR FORCES SHAPING THE INDUSTRY 1.3Read MoreUnderstanding Marketing Management16709 Words à |à 67 Pagesconcepts? 4. How has marketing management changed in recent years? 5. What are the tasks necessary for successful marketing management? One of the key factors in Barack Obamaââ¬â¢s victory in the 2008 U.S. presidential election was a well-designed and well-executed marketing program. Defining Marketing for the 21st Century Formally or informally, people and organizations engage in a vast number of activities we could call marketing. Good marketing has become increasingly vital for success. But whatRead MoreManagement and Rolls Access Code14663 Words à |à 59 PagesChapter Use this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Historical Background of Management â⬠¢ Explain why studying management history is important. â⬠¢ Describe some early evidences of management practice. Scientific Management â⬠¢ Describe the important contributions made by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. â⬠¢ Explain how todayââ¬â¢s managers use scientific management. General Administrative Theory â⬠¢ Discuss Fayolââ¬â¢s contributions to management theory. â⬠¢ DescribeRead MoreErp System Implementation and Business Process Change: Case Study of a Pharmaceutical Company8522 Words à |à 35 PagesBusiness Process Change: Case Study of a Pharmaceutical Company Vesna Bosilj-Vuksic and Mario Spremic Department of Business Computing, Graduate School of Economics Business, University of Zagreb, Croatia The main objective of this paper is to present the impacts of information technology (IT) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in business process renovation and to discuss selected aspects of the business processes and information modelling. This study presents the results of researchRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Supply Chain to Value Chain8966 Words à |à 36 Pages387 From supply chains to value chains: A spotlight on CSR Malika Bhandarkar and Tarcisio Alvarez-Rivero* 1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR)1 has become a hot topic in boardrooms across the world. Changes in corporate value systems are being driven by pressures from different actors, including governments, consumers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and institutional investors (diagram 1). Multinational corporations (MNCs) have operations spread across the globe, relyingRead MoreEssay on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)3709 Words à |à 15 Pagescorporate responsibility in several ways. Motorola contributes to the effort of reducing climate change by minimizing energy consumption for building and equipment operations. Motorola conserves energy by efficiently transporting employees and products. One of the greatest impacts of Motorola is the reduced energy consumed when people use their products, which will help maintain sustainability by reducing energy consumption. They also contribute by ensuring that the activities of suppliers who make
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Hotel Reservation Free Essays
I. Statement of Scope and Objectives A. Introduction Technological innovation cause changes in the way people live. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel Reservation or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have made lives of people easier, more comfortable and convenient and even hoteliers and services oriented companies find ways how to satisfy their customers, But how these hoteliers manage their transaction with fast and more convenient way. The Columban College Hotel Resort is founded Dr. Susan P. Alegoria, the Dean of the College of Business Administration, with the recommending approval of the school treasurer Fr. Amado S. Censon and Rev. Fr. Daniel O. Presto the school President to the Board of Trustees ââ¬â Most Reverent Bishop Florentino G. Lavarias, DD, as Chairman of the Board. Hotel now are having a hard time keeping their files in place. The procedure implemented is slow in billing. Manual handling of information may lead to inaccuracy of information because humans are prone to errors. In their reservation transaction there is a problem in shifting of schedules of the staff because the records is place only in the logbook and sometimes the staff is not aware that there is a reservation in a specific room because of it is difficult for them to find the room immediately. The proposed computerization system can reduced if not totally eliminates the errors that will be encountering. This system provides efficient and precise output because of the transaction for computation of bills. Accessing and updating records in reservation can be done with relative. It would then be easier for this company to go about their work with less effort and high efficiency. For Columban College Hotel Resort, a manual-based transaction is still applied that serves as their primary system when it comes to their data management which is record keeping and report generating. Such processes are done using logbooks, worksheets, price lists, calculators and a lot of human intervention. By doing so, the company has been encountering human errors such as inaccurate calculation, when turns out to be an inconvenience for them as it requires greater effort and time. To complement the need for capability to control, it is essential to develop an information system that will serve as the companyââ¬â¢s backbone. Background of the Study Columban College Hotel Resort was built on the premise of putting a Laboratory facility for BSHRM ââ¬â Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management and BST ââ¬â Bachelor of Science in Tourism students. After two years of deliberate construction, a five storey, 15 rooms building complete with three star class facilities finally open its doors on April 15, 2004. A team of experts manage and operate the Hotel Laboratory for the students to experience a first class hospitality education, making them equipped and at par with their counterparts. All Laboratory classes/subjects are done in the hotel; Front Office, Housekeeping, Kitchen Operations, Bar Tending/Cocktail Mixing, Baking with Cake Decoration, International Cuisine, Events and Catering Management, and Culinary Arts. These specialized subjects are taught by experts from the industry and with NC II certification by TESDA. The Columban College Hotel Resort, is the first educational hotel in Zambales and Bataan Provinces, it is located at Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City. It is ten minutes away from Subic Bay Freeport Zone, thus making it ideal for conferences, retreats and other gatherings. Nestled in the nature rich area of the Barrio Barretto with a spectacular view of Subic Bay and the mountains. This hotel and resort features very affordable room rates; one can choose from standard to deluxe rooms ranging from Php. 1,200. 00 to Php. 3,600. 00. It has function room that can accommodate 200 guests, and dining areas. The swimming pool ââ¬â a mini ââ¬âOlympic size pool with kiddy pool with lush tropical gardens and a roof deck overlooking the Barretto campus and Subic Bay will definitely make your stay worthwhile. As educational hotel and resort, our tradition of impeccable service will make your stay memorable. The Columban College Hotel Resort continues to set itself apart with its excellence in Hospitality Service and education as evidence by the result of regional culinary skills competition. The existing system in the organization contains many manual operations, including a manual registration and reservation performed by the guest which creates a problem on the receptionists recording the data that has been gathered, manual transactions of payment also created problem in paying the bills in the hotel. The Columban College Hotel Resort is having a hard time keeping their files in place. The procedure implemented is slow in billing. Manual handling of information may lead to inaccuracy of information because humans are prone to errors. In their reservation transaction there is a problem in shifting of schedules of the staff because the records is place only in logbook and sometimes the staff is not aware that there is a reservation in a specific room because of it is difficult for them to find the room immediately. Another problem also is the marketing of the hotel because of its location and finding the prospect guests. The proposed computerization system can reduced if not totally eliminates the errors that will be encountering. This system provides efficient and precise output because of the transaction for computation of bills. Accessing and updating records in reservation can be done with relative. Reports are being generated depending on the list required by the management. It would then be easier for the company to go about their work with less effort and with high efficiency. B. Statement of the Problem MAJOR PROBLEM: Based on observation and interview done by the proponents, this study identified that the major problems experienced by the management lies on the manual process of all their operation. SPECIFIC PROBLEMS: 1. Slow Process ââ¬â It takes time to prepare a billing report and billing statement of the clients and unable to determine quickly the availability of the rooms in order to assign new clients to their respective rooms because they are still using manual process. 2. Data Security ââ¬â Their records will get lost or damaged because their data is not secured and sometimes the receptionists overlooks the records of the reservations and assigns different clients on the same room and same date which makes the manual system unreliable. 3. Intensive labor ââ¬â They have difficulties on searching clientsââ¬â¢ records and scanning the log books for the availability of the rooms it also needs effort in order to compute the billing statement. C. Objectives of the Study GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The general objective is to design and develop a Hotel Management System for Columban College Hotel Resort, Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. To be able to develop a system that will speed up the process of operation. The receptionists will have an ease using this system because our proposed system is capable on computing the payments that clients have made. . To be able to secure a program by creating a different user level of security The proposed system will have a capability to create a back-up of the recent database and the records are protected because the only person who can access their records is the receptionists. 3. To be able to develop a system that will ease the job of different user. With one gl ance the roomââ¬â¢s status will be shown whether it is available, occupied and reserved. The receptionists would no longer look throughout all the roomsââ¬â¢ information on the log book one by one. D. Scope and Limitations Scope This study will cover the management of the rooms, the system will show the information of the room if it is occupied or available. The system will provide the computerization of the costumersââ¬â¢ total. The system will record the clientsââ¬â¢ information and the transaction they settled. Limitations The system limits the direct usage of the system by the clients, only the receptionists can operate the system. Editing guest information transactions can only be made by the receptionists. E. Locale of the Study Figure 1. 0 The Columban College Hotel Resort is located at Rizal Ext. Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City, near the Columban College, Barretto Campus. F. Significance of the Study This study aims to provide a Hotel Management System for Columban College Hotel Resort. With regards to the billing of the guest, the system will be responsible in computing their payment and checking the availability of all rooms. Receptionists: They will consume less time and effort interacting with their clients. Having this system, they can easily access or check the status of the rooms depending on its types. And they can easily give the bill of the clients because it was already computed by the system. Clients: Their clients will not have to wait for a long period of time for the room that will be assigned to them and their bill. Company: The hotel will have a better transaction process and ease in their guest management. II. Review of Related Literature and Studies A. Related Literature This chapter is a discussion of the background, aims and objectives of the present study. This chapter deals with the review of related literature. The purpose of the study of research works done in the same field is to understand what type of study has been done and what exactly has been explored before the present research work started. The system provide the reception an easy way for searching on rooms, listing off rooms, inserting the client information, making reservation for rooms and doing payment process. This will be created by four students of Columban College. They are Jon Roel Lasala(BSCS), Kristian Castillo(BSCS), Steven Ocampo(BSIT) and Rosendo Luy(BSIT). B. RELATED STUDIES Foreign Webraydian (2007) asserted that to run a hotel successfully it is important that the hotel management should be good before making any change in the trends one should take a look to every aspects as any changes in the trend also have a wide impact on the diverse industries. Rutherford (2009) asserted that the hotel business should be done in terms of the guest interest as well because of the growing concern over environment friendly service. Oââ¬â¢Fallon (2010) asserted that the hotel business is one of the most competitive businesses in the world or the better words is ââ¬Å"most cut throatâ⬠. Michael said that hotel reservations software allows hotels and resorts to manage reservation software allows hotels and resorts to manage reservations, set rates, offer discounts and monitor room allocations. Most otel reservation systems include hotel management software, hotel reservation and billing software, hotel reception software and hotel accounting software modules. Global Marketing asserted that communicating with all of these channels in order to keep them current on your inventory and rates, requires in some cases, daily manual intervention with multiple faxes and phone calls. More importantly, verifying the accuracy of each channelââ¬â¢s current allotment and rate by property is critical but rarely automated. Most times hotel operators do not know where or how their rooms are being sold or at what rate until the booking confirmation arrives. Waller said that is hotel hotel reservation software is really a necessary need. Pencil and paper booking sheets for example tend to get the job done, yes? That may be so, but also considers that with hotel reservation software, such booking sheets can be printed out, and many software packages can be configured to most any language. Martindale, asserted that another great feature about using hotel reservation is you can select from any hotel in the area that you want to stay at, even of your budget wouldnââ¬â¢t normally allow you to afford it. With the online system you can browse the different hotels available in the area, and see if they have only a discounted price or if they will allow you to create your own price. This many sound strange, but especially during off peak times many hotel want people to spend something to stay in their room to help increase their annual revenue. Charya, asserted that Hotel Management system helps the hotel administrators to accommodate special request, booking checkouts, etc. They keep sending reminders highlight the important dates for the benefits of the customers. It also gives the hotel administration leverage in terms of making immediate adjustments as and when something unexpected turn ups. Schneider said that room management is simple and cost effective because a guest room management system can ensure maximum user-friendly and cost effectiveness. Assuresoftware. com testified that the management software can help your people get more out of every minute, every hour, and every workday. It is designed to boost productivity by simplifying scheduling rooms and resources. Local Valenzuela (2003) asserted that computer-based hotel reservation and billing system can reduce errors that will be encountered. This system provides efficient and precise output because of the transaction for computation of bills. Reports are being generated depending on the list required by the management since computerization of all companies are being encourage; there is need for hotels to adapt computerized operation too. Razal (2004) testified that the reservation and information are essential to attract clients and customers, so when they see that the establishment that can be added to their success. Wong (2004) concluded that reservation system will lessen the work of the employees and would really help them a lot in managing the hotel and it would be much easy to organize all transactions of the hotel. Capistrano (2005) asserted that reservation system enhance the existing business operation and give further improvement for the business process. Fuerte (2005) concluded that an application of IT technology in any business firms hold the key to competitiveness towards development and success in the business. Ramirez (2005) asserted that reservation system will benefit not only the company but customers as well, because it will increase the efficiency of the employees working operation. Daduya (2006) claimed that organized and fast retrieval of information computerization of their reservation and registration process is need, for them to have fast and accessible transaction. Mirador (2007) asserted that reservation system is deemed significant because it will be different from the traditional process of reservation. This will reinstate the manual process of reservation which probably creates difficulty for the people the who are responsible in reservation. C. Analysis on Related Literature and Studies As summary, Hotel Reservation System is an advance process of managing hotel reservation; check in, check out of costumers. It is a user friendly and helps the hotel receptionist to accommodate special request, booking, checkouts. They keep sending reminders and highlight the important dates for the benefits of the costumers. Therefore, hotel that uses Computer based system needs to conduct day training for the users/receptionist to be literate in hotel management system and to avoid difficulties in making reservation of costumers. It lessens the time consume doing the hotel reservation. It is a replacement for manual reservation. A system more convenient and user friendly and compiling of files is more accurate and more sufficient than compiling it manually. It is more easy-driven to ensure faster and reliable data by processing of information in database. III. Methodologies A. Methods of Research Study In this chapter, the proponents described the method of research used and data gathering procedure, tools and data processing techniques. The Proponents used the different gathering materials like internet, books and previous study similar to the proposed study. After collecting and analyzing the data that we gather we found out some of the problems and establish our main objectives that served to be our guidelines for pursuing the system. Those gathered information from questionnaire, surveys and interviews can solved to the problem of the Columban College Hotel Resort for their manual process. B. Data Gathering Techniques The proponents used the Descriptive Method; it is designed to investigate and to gather information about the present situation. This was the chosen method of the proponents because the method can help the proponents obtain the information they need. There are different ways to gather the information needed for the proponents to understand more about the current system of Columban College and how can the people adjust in the new system that is going to be implemented. The facts and information that was gathered by the proponents was obtained by the use of Observation, Interview and Survey. Observation ââ¬â this first stage to be done because before doing the interview and survey the proponents needs to observe what kind of environment the locale of the study have, what kind of people is involved and the educational attainment of each people. This technique is very helpful in gathering the needed data because conducting the observation opened some issues and problems that the study will encounter. Interview ââ¬â by conducting the interview, all the questions and issues of the proponents was brought up and was answered. Interviews were done with the different people who are involves and in-charge of the Columban College Hotel Resort. Survey ââ¬â this was used by proponents to determine the percentages of the students who agree and disagree on the proposed system. Using this technique gives the proponents the opportunity to understand the situation of the students in the existing system. The techniques/ways discussed above will not be obtained without the instruments used in data gathering. These instruments were performed carefully and accurately to have a very reliable result in the study. The instruments used to gather the information needed are the Library and the Internet. Library ââ¬â the proponents used the Library to gather some important information that can help improve the study. It also played a very big part in the study itself; the Library contains a lot of reliable information regarding the study that helped the proponents. Internet ââ¬â the internet played a vital role in gathering the information needed. The internet nowadays contains information that are not that reliable and accurate, the proponents carefully compared the results and comments of the other readers in the internet to have a result that is reliable. The proponents used survey form as one of the most important method in data gathering. A set of survey questions was given to at least 30 respondents including employee and guests of Columban College Hotel Resort, who gives the proponents a specific knowledge and help us in identifying the common problems they are facing in a relation to the study. The proponents used Percentile Method to determine the quantities and percentage of the responses in the survey. 1. Sampling Design A project for: Columban College Hotel Resort Rizal Ext. , Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City Dear respondents, This survey aims to collect data in accordance to the study ââ¬Å"Columaban College Hotel Resort Management Systemâ⬠. Kindly answer the question honestly and accurately. Please do not leave any statement unmarked. Your response will be highly appreciated. Thank you very much. God Bless! I. Personal Information Name (Optional):_____________________________________________ Age: 12- 16 17- 21 21- 30 30 above Gender: Male Female II. Questionnaires 1. Is the reservation process on the hotel fast enough? 3D YesNo 2. Was your reservation handled courteously and correctly? 3D YesNo 3. Was the check-in process was timely and efficient? YesNo 4. Was your suite clean and properly maintained? YesNo 5. Were your arrival and departure experiences handled courteously and efficiently? YesNo 6. Do you think that the computerization of the reservation can affect the performance of the hotel? YesNo 7. Did the resort exceed your expectations? YesNo 8. Would you stay at the resort if you were to return to this area? YesNo Letter of Interview Columban College Hotel Resort Rizal Ext. , Barrio Barretto Olongapo City Dear Sir/Madam: Greetings! We are graduating students of College of Computer Studies taking up Bachelor of Science in Information Technology and Computer Science. Currently, we are enrolled in our Thesis Writing Technology where we are required to design a system for a particular organization or industry. In relation to this, we planned to design ââ¬Å"Columban College Hotel Resort Management Systemâ⬠and we are seeking for your assistance for us to conduct an interview and data gathering at your most convenient time. Rest assured that the information that we will get will be treated with much confidentiality. We are looking forward for the consideration that you can give to our request. You may reach us through the following number: 09072316910 or email us at jonroel_lasala@ymail. com Sincerely, _________________ Noted by: Jon Roel Lasala ________________________ _________________ Mr. Ronnie D. Luy Kristian Castillo Thesis Adviser _________________ Steven Nicco Carangalan _________________ Rosendo Luy 2. Respondents Figure 2. 0 The receptionist of Columban College Hotel Resort Figure 3. 0 Readying for interview on Mr. Elmer Callo, Assistant Manager of the CCHR Receptionist The receptionist will be observed by the proponents to know what is the possible problems that are occurring in performing the manual operations in the hotel. Guests The proponents will conduct a survey of how the manual operations of hotel affect the satisfaction of the guests. Administrators The proponents will interview the administrators of the hotel to know what problems they are experiencing in the hotel. C. Statistical Treatment of Data 1. Percentile Method to determine the quantities and percentage of the responses in the survey. Survey forms will be given to the employees and some guests of the Columban College Hotel Resort. N N Formula: P = f x 100 Where: % = Percentage f = Frequency N = Total Number of Respondents D. Collected Data and Information Result of Survey The results of the survey were discussed on this study and the following questions that were answered by the respondents: 1. Is the reservation process on the hotel fast enough? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 7| 23%| No| 23| 77%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 0 Figure 2. 0 2. Was your reservation handled courteously and correctly? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 17| 56%| No| 13| 44%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 1 Figure 2. 1 3. Was the check-in process was timely and efficient? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 11| 36%| No| 19| 64%| Total| 30| 100%| Figure 2. 2 4. Was your suite clean and properly maintained? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 22| 73%| No| 8| 27%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 3 Table 2. 3 5. Were your arrival and departure experiences handled courteously and efficiently? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 18| 60%| No| 12| 40%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 4 Figure 2. 4 6. Do you think that the computerization of the reservation can affect the performance of the hotel? | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 28| 93%| No| 2| 7%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 5 Figure 2. 5 7. Did the resort exceed your expectations? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 15| 50%| No| 15| 50%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 6 Figure 2. 6 8. Would you stay at the resort if you were to return to this area? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 21| 70%| No| 9| 30%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 7 IV. Modelling and Technical Background A. Software Model The proponents adopt the System Development Life Cycle because this will act as the proponentââ¬â¢s guide in creating the proposed system. Figure 3. 0 SDLC is a process used by IT analysts in order to develop or redesign high quality software system which meets both the customer and the real world requirement taking into consideration all associated aspects of pros and cons of software testing, analysis and post process maintenance. B. Theoretical Framework This chapter will discuss the different process and methods of creating the needed system of the organization through the guidelines that the proponents created in their researches and findings. This chapter also involves the different phases that will act as guide that will be an essential to the creation of the proposed system. Additional information Additional information PLANNING PLANNING DISCOVEERY DISCOVEERY INFORMATION GATHERING INFORMATION GATHERING REPORTING REPORTING Figure 4. 0 Theoretical Framework C. Conceptual Framework Proposed System Proposed System Check for room availability Check for room availability Show and compute for the bills Show and compute for the bills Create a back-up for database Create a back-up for database Give the needed information Give the needed information Give the room desired by the client Give the room desired by the client Give the payment Give the payment Client Client Receptionist Receptionist Figure 5. 0 Conceptual Framework This figure shows the concept of the proposed system, It will tackles how the process of interaction between the receptionist and the guests. 1. Paradigm/IPO Diagram Figure 6. 0 Paradigm The IPO model has many interdisciplinary applications, and is used to convey systems fundamentals inà ITà overviewà educationà and as a brainstorming, preliminary investigation tool inà systems development processesà such as theà SDLC. V. Systems Analysis and Design A. Systems Analysis 1. Existing System Columban College Hotel Resort is currently performing all their process in manual operation. . User Requirements/ Requirements Specifications User Requirements | Developer Requirement| Automated Billing Statement| Create a system that will automatically generate billing statement| Computer-based viewing Room Status| Include the room status in the features of the program| Computer Reservation| Create a Database Management System| Computer-based Check in/ out| Create a system that will manage the Check in/out of the clients| Computerized Adding/Viewing of Clientsââ¬â¢ information| Create a Database Management System| Table 2. 0 User Requirements 3. Feasibility Study 3. Technical Feasibility Columban College Hotel Resort is in need of a computer-based system to be able to operate faster and more efficiently. The system project primarily intends to avoid inconsistencies during operation. Also, implying the use of computerized processes avoids inaccurate report of billing amounts and miscalculation of transactions. Microsoft Office 2010 offers flexible and powerful new ways to deliver your best workââ¬âat the office, at home, or at school. Create standout reports and presentations with tools that help you capture your ideas more creatively. Stay connected to your projects, even when youââ¬â¢re away from your computer, with access to Office files via Web browser or Windows phone. 1à Work efficiently with others by sharing, editing, and reviewing files at the same timeââ¬âeven across geographies and time zones. Adobe Photoshopà is aà graphics editing programà developed and published byà Adobe Systems. Photoshop files have default file extension asà . PSD, which stands for ââ¬Å"Photoshop Document. â⬠A PSD file stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include layers withà masks,à color spaces,à ICC profiles, CMYK Mode (used for commercial printing), transparency, text,à alpha channelsà andà spot colors,à clipping paths, andà duotoneà settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e. g. .JPG or . GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30,000 pixels, and a length limit of 3 Gigabytes. Visual Basicà is aà third-generationà event-driven programming languageà andà integrated development environmentà (IDE) fromà Microsoftà for itsà COM programming model first released in 1991. Visual Basic is designed to be relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASICà and enables theà rapid application development (RAD)à ofà graphical user interface (GUI)à applications, access toà databasesà usingà Data Access Objects,à Remote Data Objects, orà ActiveX Data Objects, and creation ofà ActiveXà controls and objects. VBAà is effectively the same language as Visual Basic but VBA-code is tied to Microsoft Office and can only run within that environment. Theà scripting languageVBScriptà is a subset of Visual Basic. . 2 Economical Feasibility The Economic Feasibility will be the basis if the said proposal is economically feasible; Every company knows that cost is one of the major problems to be considered in making a proposed system, if it affordable or not. However, the only thing that the shop need is hosting the proposed system and it is less expensive. The proposed system just need to acquire an internet connection and ha ve knowledge on computer and it will be possible for them to get their needs and information by just browsing. The economic feasibility will illustrate the expenses needed to be able to implement the proposed system successfully below. Since the Columban College Hotel Resort has already has a one (1) complete set of personal computer, there is no need to buy a new one. Software Specification Software Components| Description| | Windows 7| | Microsoft Office 2010| | Visual Basic 6. 0| Hardware Specification Hardware Components| Description| | Intel DUAL CORE E5300 2. 6Processor| | INTEL DG41RQ DDR800/ 6CHN/ GLAN/ QUAD/| | 2 GB DDR2 PC800| Hard disk SEAGATE 250GB 7200 SATA| | Monitor AOC9315l 18. 5â⬠Black| | AVR 500 watts| | A4Tech Slim PS2 KBS-720 Black| | A4tech Optical Mouse OP6200 USB| 3. 3 Operational Feasibility Operational feasibility is this will focus whether the system will be productive if it is being developed and implemented. Whether there will be affect from user or there will be possible application benefits. Operational feasibility, this is how the system will solve the fo llowing problem or how it satisfies the requirements analysis phase of the development. ITEM| UNIT| PRICE| QTY. | FREQ. (1 Acad. Yr. )| TOTAL| Bond Paper| Ream| Php. 200. 00| 1| 20pcs. | Php. 4,000. 00| Ink| Cartridge| Php. 350. 00| 1| 1| Php. 350. 00| Log Book| | Php. 35. 00| 1| 12pcs. | Php. 420. 00| Total| | | | | Php. 4,770. 00| Table 4. 0 Operational Feasibility Electricity Consumption and Cost Rate/kW = Php. 5. 90 (based on ZAMECO II) Amount = (unitââ¬â¢s watt/1,000kW) *rate *hours usage ITEM| UNIT WATTS(1 Acad. Yr. )| HOURS USAGE| COST| Personal Computer| 225W| 24hrs. (min)| Php. 4,032. 00| Table 4. 1 Operational Feasibility 3. 4 Time Feasibility Time feasibility will say the schedule if the project being done. And how many months it is being cover. This Gantt chart show how does data gathering being done and even the design phase and maintenance are show in the Gantt chart. Bars show the time being consumed in one task to other task until we fulfil all the requirements needed by the clients. Figure 7. 0 Gantt Chart 3. 5 Feasibility Analysis Executive Summary After the proponents gather all the essential information needed, the proponents is convinced that the proposed system will be feasible in implementing. The proposed system requires both hardware and software components to keep the system running. For the receptionists, the Visual Basic 6. 0 is needed to run the system. It is important to create a back-up of database to keep the information and transactions safely. Since the needed software and hardware were available in the hotel, the proponents will only now focus in implementing the system to know whether the proposed system will truly help the Columban College Hotel Resort. 4. Risk Analysis Risk| Source| Action| Risk level| Data corruption through loss or alteration of data without the applicationââ¬â¢s knowledge and consent| Receptionist error (accidental file deletion)| Recover file| High| | Software bugs (unexpected conditions and responded to incorrectly| Update anti-virus, delete any virus founds| Medium| Data corruption through willful action| Externally, from viruses and worms| Create back-up data| Medium| Acts of God| Earthquake, floods, etc. | Create back-up data| Low| Table 5. 0 Risk Analysis B. System Design 1. Proposed System This research describes an adaption of a hotel reservation system in Columban College Hotel Resort. Computer technology has made our lives much easier and convenient. Years ago, people had to manually input important information of their guest, now you just use the computer to find this information. In just one click, instantly find the guest name, rooms rates, address, email address, phone numbers and so on. By investigating their existing reservation, the guest input the information manually in reservation form. It is hassle for the guest to do a reservation as well as to the receptionist. It is time a waste of time, effort and the things that is needed for the reservation. Proponents will implement the proposed system in Columban College Hotel and Resort. All you need is computer and a user, by just opening the application. It is a very reliable, efficient and convenient. It is much easier to for the receptionist to look at the database and see if the guests are already paid or if the room is already occupied or unoccupied and so on and so forth. 2. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 2. 1 UML Class Diagram Figure 8. 0 Class Diagram 2. 2 Use Case Diagram System System Check Room Information Check Room Information Input Customer Information Input Customer Information Update System Update System Edit information Edit information Add Subcharges Add Subcharges Total Payment Total Payment Figure 9. 0 Use Case Diagram 2. 3 Use Case Description Use Case| Input reserved information| Actor| Receptionist| Description| Input data information about room reserved| Trigger| When a customer wants to reserve for room| Pre-conditions| Customers wants to reserve room| Post-conditions| System will be updated| Normal Flow| All information about reservation must be encoded| Priority| High| Frequency of Use| In all guest to booked in the hotel| Table 6. 4 Use Case| Updates System| Actor| Receptionist| Description| Updating of system in every time there is new booking schedule| Trigger| New inputs/booking schedule is given| Pre-conditions| Guest requested for room reservation| Post-conditions| Input/information given is updates to the system| Priority| High| Frequency of Use| In all guest to booked in the hotel| Table 6. 5 Use Case| Edit information| Actor| Receptionist| Description| Editing of customer and room information| Trigger| When information needs to be updated| Post-conditions| System will update changes| Normal Flow| Editing is always done when changes are needed to be done in the customer information| Includes| Data Verification| Table 6. 6 Use Case| Total payment| Actor| Receptionist| Description| Adding all the expenses in the information| Post-conditions| Payment will be done according to the total amount| Normal Flow| | Includes| | Priority| | Frequency of Use| | Business Rules| | Table 6. 8 2. 4 System Sequence Diagram 3. Network Diagram/System Architecture Proposed System Proposed System Receptionist Receptionist Database Management System Database Management System Figure 11. 0 Network Diagram Network Diagramà is theà conceptual modelà that defines theà structure and behaviour of aà system. 4. Database Structure 4. 1 Entity Relationship Diagram 4. 2 Data Dictionary 4. 3 Relational Databases 5. System Interfaces 5. 1 System Inputs Guest Reservation Form This is where the receptionist will input the essential information of the guest, it will also show how much the guest will pay about the chosen room. This is where the additional necessity will be ordered by the guest and the receptionist will process the transaction 5. 2 System Outputs . 3 Process Specifications 5. 4 Integrity Controls All bits of information or data that are gathered in the guest will be stored in the system and its database. Only the receptionist can modify the system in the server through the approval of who might be the one should be approving it. That person who will be approving it will depend on the agreement of the company or policy. 5. 5 Security Controls The proposed system has the capability to back-up the database of all it saved information. The system will have passwords where only receptionist can access it. Any antivirus programs with high integrity will be used to protect the system. 6. Automation Boundary The proposed system will be about reservation of room accommodation and other services. The system will not be providing automated billing. 7. Initial Gap Analysis The existing system is all about manual operation by filling up form of reservation, unlike the proposed system all you need to do is encode the information. Other advantage of the proposed system its more efficient if compiling reservation form. It is also more accurate in reviewing data information about the previous accommodations. Chapter VI A. Implementation Activities In order to successfully implement the proposed system for Columban College Hotel Resort, the proponents need to orient the Receptionist, Manager and Owner on how the process of the proposed system works and on how the system should be handled, after orientation and installation the system will be tested and will be evaluated for further revisions or enhancement that are still needed to include on the proposed system. B. Testing 1. Unit Testing The system administrator and other users will be involved in testing the program. The users are allowed to explore the system then let them take notes if there are any flaws in it or if there are anything that needs to improve. Then the proponents will debug the system then re-run the testing for further adjustment and debugging until the system will be fully operational. ALPHA TESTING Alpha testing is a form of preliminary software field test carried out by a team of users in order to find bugs that were not found previously through other tests. The main purpose of alpha testing is to refine the software product by finding and fixing the bugs that were not discovered through previous tests. This indicate the stages of the process how the system response to its given task. The testing is conducted in order to know how the systems deliver the required response regarding with its performance. Based from the test that has been establish in using alpha testing, the proponents comes up from the first part of testing the system, there were things that must be change. One of the changes that need to be change is the abolishing of the manual procedure of the hotel, 2. Integration Testing 3. Usability Testing After all operation testing are done, the Hotel Management System receptionist will seek for questions regarding the improvements of the system. After gathering some information, adjustment or improvements will be done in the system depending on how big are the problems need to be change in the system. 4. User Acceptance Test As all the adjustment or improvements are done, the system will be tested again by the Users and will be re-evaluated if the system already fulfilled the Userââ¬â¢s satisfaction. C. Change Request and Error Reports D. Deployment 1. Deployment Approaches 2. Userââ¬â¢s Training In order for the system to fully-implement in the oraganization, the users must undergo training in order to gain enough knowledge in computer. The training will be about familiarizing in the operating system which is the Windows7 so that the user wil use will know where to go in accessing the system, then the Microsoft Visual Basic. net in order for them to easily understand the environment of the syetm because the system is made through the said software. Then, also most importantly is the users must be trained on how to use the system. The training will be conducted in their free time. In terms of the untoward incident that will happen in the system during the operation, the users are obligued to go out series of trainings for the debugging of the system as well as the systemââ¬â¢s maintenace. 3. System Maintenance 1. Problem Report During the previous process, the problems aroused in the system are the following: 2. Manual Changing and Updating of records The Hotelââ¬â¢s office consists of many files of the clients and inventories. Since, the office piled up with many files there are many records that needed to be recorded in a new form and add to the database. And also the files are not be placed consequently because the files are only been placed to the filling cabinet in the office. 3. Employees are not Computer Confident The Front Desk Employees does not have sufficient knowledge about computer. Regarding with this, the proponents suggested to have leave and conduct training or seminar. 1. Policies and Procedures Policies Policies may vary depending on the desire of Columban College Hotel Resort Management, but the proponents suggest the following policies: 1. Only the Admin are in charge of adding, editing and deleting the System Users 2. The system data base should be backed-up every week in case of data crash or other unexpected circumstances 3. The Computer should be place in a nice atmosphere to prevent overheating. 4. No other employee other than the Receptionist, Manager and owner can directly use the system. 5. In the reservation transaction, down payment is needed in order to confirm the reservation, the receptionist will inform the client that the registration will be cancelled if the guest didnââ¬â¢t arrive 2 hours after the expected time of arrival and the down payment will serve as the registration fee. Chapter VII Conclusion and Recommendation A. Conclusion The Hotel Management System have already been completed. It really made a significant difference as compared with the present existing system of the hotel since it was done through interfaces of computers. The usage of the system truly provides the advancement of technology, towards a fast access of information. The proponents therefore conclude that it is more reliable to make use of the proposed system as it is able to reduce data redundancies and inconsistencies, in which the administrator and receptionist experienced while using the existing system. The proposed system is guaranteed to be secured and will make the work of the receptionist faster and more convenient. B. Recommendation The proponents recommend the implementation of the system as it would speed up and make more efficient the processes involved in managing rooms. Full testing before implementation is suggested. The system will not cover how the payment will be done, whether they will use credit card or bank transactions. Stand-alone computer unit is used in the system but in the future purposes the respondents can use two or more computer unit for the manager and the management if needed. The user level must be considered always for the security of the files and every transaction. Because of technology the needed for improvement never stop, therefore the proponents recommend to the next future proponents to add more features to the system to become more useful and to satisfy the future needs of the business. How to cite Hotel Reservation, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Name three of the Germanic tribes that brought to England the dialects that make up the basis of the language we now call Old English Essay Example For Students
Name three of the Germanic tribes that brought to England the dialects that make up the basis of the language we now call Old English Essay The Germanic tribes that brought the dialects were the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes. 2. Give an example from Beowulf of three of the following poetic devices: alliteration, the kenning, variation repetition of appositives, or the litote understatement. There are several examples of alliteration in lines 3079-3084, Nothing we advised could ever convince the prince we loved, our lands guardian, not to vex the custodian of the gold, let him lie where he was long accustomed, lurk there under earth until the end of the world. He held to his high destiny. I found lines 427-429 to be a good use of the caesura, And so, my request, O king of Bright-Danes, dear prince of the Shieldings, friend of the people and their ring of defense. The author used the kenning several times in the sentence on lines 647-651, He realized that the demon was going to descend on the hall, that he had plotted all day, from dawn-light until darkness gathered again over the world and stealthy night-shapes came stealing forth under the cloud-murk. He used dawn-light to mean morning or dusk, night-shapes to mean demons, and cloud-murk to mean fog. 3. Name three epic conventions and tell in what way each is used in Beowulf. Beowulf certainly consist of an epic journey by which Beowulf travels by sea from southern Sweden, home of the Geats, to Zealand, home of the Danes. It involves single-handed combat, I hereby renounce sword and the shelter of the broad shield, the heavy war-board: hand-to-hand is how it will be, lines 436-439. It also involved someone who was not an ordinary man, There was no one else like him alive. In his day, he was the mightiest man on earth, lines 196-197. 4. Name some of the types of literature Chaucer uses in The Canterbury Tales. Tell what types of literature three of the Prologues and Tales assigned for the course represent. The romance, the sermon, and the confession are all types of literature that Chaucer uses. The Pardoners Prologue and The Wife of Baths Prologue are examples of the confession. An example of the sermon is found in The Pardoners Tale. The Wife of Baths Tale is a good example of the romance. 5. Chaucer is a master of irony. Give one example of his use of each of these three types of irony: verbal, dramatic, and situational. The examples may come from any of the Chaucer selections assigned. Chaucer uses verbal irony describing the Summoner in The General Prologue in line 650, A better felawe sholde men nought finde, saying that the Summoner is a good man when he truly thinks of him as a sinner. Part I: 6. What military event, which took place in what year, made French the most widely used written language in England for over 150 years? The Norman Conquest of 1066. 7. Why is the Knight on the pilgrimage? How does Chaucer indicate this? The knight was on the pilgrimage for fun. Chaucer indicated this by telling of the knight just coming from a voyage of battle, and he now does not wear his armor. 8. In what century did the Germanic tribes whose dialects form the basis of Old English arrive in England? In the fifth century, between 450 and 600 A.D. 9. In what month did the pilgrimage described in The Canterbury Tales take place? Who wore a brooch of gold ful sheene, / On which ther was first writen a crowned A, / And after, Amor vincit omnia? Who was The holy blissful martyrà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦That hem hath holpen whan that they were seke? Who said, I preche of no thing but for coveitise? The pilgrimage takes place in April after the drought of March had broken. The Nonne, a Prioresse, wore the brooch of gold ful sheene. St. Thomas ÃÆ'à Becket was the holy blissful martyr. It is The Pardoner who says I preche of no thing bur for convetise. 10. Of whom is it said, Ther nas no man nowher so vertuous; He was the beste beggere in his hous? Of whom is it said, But greet harm was it, as it thoughte me, That on his shine a mormal hadde he,? Of whom is it said, And for to festne his hood under his chin / He hadde of gold wrought a ful curious pin; / A love-knotte in the grettere ende ther was? Who had a thumb of gold? Of whom is it said, And gladly wolde he lerne, and gladly teche? The Frere is regarded as the beste beggere in his hous. The cook is referred to as the one with a mormal on his head. The monk is said to have a pin of gold. The Millere had a thumb of gold. The clerk, a student at Oxford, was willing to learn and teach. 11. What character brought along little dogs small hounds on the pilgrimage? Of whom is it said, He hadde a paire / Of legges and feet so clene and faire / That al myn herte I gave unto his hoold? Of whom is it said, He was a gentil harlot and a kinde; / A bettre felawe sholde men nought finde? The monk brought along his greyhounds. Janekin the clerk was said to have feet so clene and faire. The Somnour is thought to be a gentil horlot. John Betjemans view of women John Betjeman is very famous for his poetry, especially his style EssayHe conveys her actions in all of the ways that men, then and now, would like women to treat them. She comes in serving all of them drinks all the while telling them how great they are; yet you could still sense the confidence and regality she had while performing the task. In Morte Darthur the roles were completely different. Most men are portrayed as chivalrous, passionate beings that thought of women as more than objects there for their own personal use. The romance displays a very different type of hero than the epic, one that women would like men to be like. From our readings of Morte Darthur, there are two passages that exemplify this. The first, on pages 425-426, where the knights find Lancelot and Guinevere together in her chamber, and Lancelot fights them all to protect her and vows to come back and save her should the king try to execute her. The second, on page 427, when Lancelot came to save the queen, rushing through the mass of onlookers and attacking all that were between them so blindly that he killed two of his good friends. I think women want to believe that men are like that, to always be there to save them under any circumstance. Its just my opinion, but I consider the epic to display women how men would like them to be, and the romance displays men howà women would like them to be. Part II: 3. Why is the Pardoner on the pilgrimage? How is this reason or these reasons made clear? The Pardoner is on this pilgrimage simply for the purpose of making money. He and the Summoner are riding together and they can travel wherever they wish, by the order of the church. There two positions work together very well, the Summoner looks for sinners and the Pardoner will dissolve your sins for money. In line 694 of The General Prologue, Bretful of pardon, come from Rome al hoot, the Host lets us know that the Pardoner has just come from Rome with his newest batch of pardons. His intent is to travel with this group and sell his pardons to anyone who wishes to purchase them. A pilgrimage of holy people traveling to a holy land, should supply him with plenty of willing people to sell his pardons to, although the pilgrims he is traveling with are unlikely sales since he honestly tells them of is misdeeds and selling imitation relics. Lines 113-118 of The Pardoners Prologue show that all he is concerned with is that his sermons convince people that they should pay for his pardons, because the money they pay he is going to keep. Had the host not made fun of the Pardoner when he was taunted, the Pardoner would have gladly taken any offering from his fellow travelers. He admits on lines 101-102 that he has made 100 marks every year since he has been pardoner selling his imitation relics. Since he does not work for the good of the Church or man, his only reason to be on this journey is to find as many people as possible that are ignorant enough to buy his fake relics Part III: Seamus Heaney, who wrote the translation of Beowulf that we read in our text, wrote this article. He begins giving the history of Beowulf, it was written between the 7th and 10th century and it over 3000 lines long. He tells us that the land of the Geats is present day Scandinavia. It is interesting to find out that only one manuscript of Beowulf exists today, and it is located at the British Library. He gives a brief description of the passages of Beowulf that is contained in our text. He notes that scholars have been studying all aspects of Beowulf for a long time trying to determine when it was written and to use it as a historical reference of the countries mentioned in the story. J.R.R. Tolkien receives credit for his book about Beowulf because it changed the way people viewed the poem and the authors intent when writing it. Mr. Heaney then goes on to give a detailed description of why new readers of this poem will likely have trouble reading and understanding it. He goes on to describe about how the author tells of the dragon, and he shows great enthusiasm and excitement about the wayà the author chose to do so. Mr. Heaney was offered to translate Beowulf in the 1980s, and he accepted. His excitement soon turned into disenchantment due to the difficult task and slow process of the translation. He took a break from the job and thought about quitting, but he soon went back. By using some of his Irish background, he was able to translate the words that used symbols we no longer use by noticing how the word had evolved. He gives a description and examples of why he sometimes does not follow the rules that the original author used when writing the poem.
Friday, November 29, 2019
Ethical Considerations in an Organisation
Table of Contents Introduction Statement of the ethical dilemma Organizations involved Real stumbling blocks Leadership Solving of the ethical dilemma Conclusion Introduction Ethics largely relates to the principles which oversee acceptable behavior and morality. In an organizational setting, it governs both the personal and corporate behavior, including their advancement to dealings with the interest groups and the environment. Thus, processes, which involve accountability, of finances are guided by ethical codes which guarantee their appropriateness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Considerations in an Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, there are organizations where the top officials are a stumbling block to the making of ethical decisions. As they manipulate employees in to making unethical decisions, so as to benefit themselves. Such acts are against the professional ethic s codes. Statement of the ethical dilemma While working as an accountant in an investment organization two years ago, I experienced an ethical dilemma, which tore me apart. One morning, my marketing manager, walked in to my office asking me for a check of $ 650 for expenses he had incurred entertaining a client the previous night. He submitted receipts from a restaurant and hotel accommodation. Thus, I requested to be given time to complete the transaction, in accordance with the company procedure. Later that day during lunch break, a woman whom he was involved as illustrated by an extra marital affair, walked into the company cafeteria. She stopped right by my table and engaged in a phone conversation, in which I overheard her mention my marketing manager and how they had a good time the previous night in the hotel. The details were indicated on the receipts submitted to my office. I then realized the information my manager had given me was false. As a result, I did not know what s tep to take. Failure to adhere to his request would guarantee my dismissal. At the same time, I could not refund him basing on false information he had provided. This was against my professional ethics conduct. Organizations involved This company is the Prudential Company, which majors in the issuance of life cover and venture administration proficiency to provide persuasive asset development. This is in addition to, protection solutions for the ever-increasing sequestration needs of persons and business in the U.S. and abroad. Real stumbling blocks The company had a great chance of making huge profits from the investment transactions it was undertaking. The stumbling block was misappropriation of funds by the top company executives. Since, competition within investment organizations continue to strengthen as more companies sprout to suit the need of increased profitability.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many companies are implementing strict financial management, which involves cutting down on disbursements. The recession influences resolutions for citizens on how to invest. Thus, profits would dwindle if the company continues to misappropriate funds. There are several interest unions which monitor and ensure the applicability of ethical considerations to gratify the need for fairness and accountability in the management of organization finances. Ethical decision making may vary in diverse organizations who may value it depending on its impact to the society. Leadership My department supervisor decided to take the lead in dealing with this ethical dilemma. As he was the principal accounting officer thus he was in charge of all monetary transactions. While citing his reasons, he explained that the greatness and outcomes of any unethical decision arising from the dilemma would prevail over the integrity of the organizationââ¬â¢s values. Solving of the ethical dilemma Despite the fact that we risked losing our jobs, my supervisor and I reported this to the company director. Above all, we had the responsibility of making an ethical decision. As a result the marketing manager was suspended for misappropriation of company funds. In my judgment, the manager abused his office authority, and was supposed to be charged for attempted fraud. The situation was resolved ethically as there was a need to put this vice to a stop. The decision was reached with reference to the dynamics of ethical decision making, which include; professional role, attitudes, motivations and personal preference. Conclusion In the appliance of ethical considerations, there are general factors, for example, the assumption that unethical behaviors are part of any organization. Further, ethical considerations may go unrewarded in most instances. This essay on Ethical Considerations in an Organisation was written and submitted by user Vivienne Wall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Monday, November 25, 2019
Differences in Accounting Treatments of Financial Statements between Germany, Japan, and the United States essays
Differences in Accounting Treatments of Financial Statements between Germany, Japan, and the United States essays More than forty years ago, Wilkinson (1964) used a story of an ancient blind farmer and his simplistic accounting method of using rocks to monitor the quantity of sheep he had and to ensure that the shepherd he had hired always returned with the same number at the end of the day. He noted that good accounting is not dependent on a particular language. For this reason, it was expected that someday accounting would be the same all over the world. The need for outside capital for expansion, for both underdeveloped and developed nations created a demand for understandable accounting that transcended borders. Potential foreign investors need understandable accounting to not only select the business they would like to invest in, but also to monitor how their investment is doing once it's made. Wilkinson (1964) noted that accounting standards in their current state of the mid-1960s that investors could not do this because of the different accounting rules in different countries. More prophetic, he believed that it would be a long time before financial statements would be meaningful across national boundaries. When comparing the differences in accounting treatments of financial statements between Germany, Japan and the United States, it becomes clear that Wilkinson was correct. Differences in Accounting Treatments of Financial Statements between Germany, Japan, and the United States: More than forty years ago, Wilkinson (1964) used a story of an ancient blind farmer and his simplistic accounting method of using rocks to monitor the quantity of sheep he had, to ensure that the shepherd he had hired always returned with the same number at the end of the day. He noted that good accounting is not dependent on a particular language. For this reason, it was expected that someday accounting would be the same all over the world. The need for outside capital for expansion, for both underdeveloped and developed nations created a ...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
With reference to at least one work written by Emile Durheim, asses Essay
With reference to at least one work written by Emile Durheim, asses his perspective on rituals. You may also discuss Durkheims view on the relationship between - Essay Example As Durkheim was a sociologist, it is unsurprising that he chose to see religion in terms of its effects upon the social order. ââ¬Å"God is society, writ largeâ⬠, as he suggests, or: He sees the peopleââ¬â¢s conceptions of ideas such as the religious and supernatural worlds as directly related to their social order. The purpose of rituals, the main focus of his work, is to divide the supernatural or sacred world from the mundane or profane one. In considering how Durkheim connected an inner religious life to an outer social life, it is necessary to explore his understanding of ritual, and the role of this in creating a social order. This essay will examine Durkheimââ¬â¢s theory of ritual, beginning with an explanation of the two forms of Social Phenomena which he described as acting within religion; symbol and ritual. This will then extend into a closer consideration of the three systems of ritual which Durkheim considered important: positive rites, negative rites, and rites of Expiation. After a brief examination of the differences between Marx, Weber and Durkheim, an example of ritual which helps to illustrate Durkheimââ¬â¢s point will be discussed, followed by a conclusion in which all the separate parts of the essay are drawn together to provide a complete explanation of his perspective on ritual, and modern applications of Durkheimââ¬â¢s theory is also considered. As described above, these two kinds of social phenomena directly relate to the process of ritual; other forms of social phenomena are not included here. While these two social phenomena are described separately, they are, of course, intimately connected, both in religious terms and also in the wider sphere of social relations. No matter how the terms relate to each other or the environment, Durkheimââ¬â¢s ideas of their importance helped to create his theory of ritual and social connection. Durkheim considered religion to consist of three elements; belief
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Questionnaire design exercise, Learning journal based on 4 lectures Essay
Questionnaire design exercise, Learning journal based on 4 lectures and a report on debate - Essay Example Disagree 3. Undecided 4. Agree 5. Strongly 4. Release of new Champion skins attracts me more to the game? 1. Strongly Disagree 2. Disagree 3. Undecided 4. Agree 5. Strongly 5. The option of buying Riot Points is great because I can play even without gaining enough Riot Points. 1. Strongly Disagree 2. Disagree 3. Undecided 4. Agree 5. Strongly Agree 6. I buy Riot Points more often than I play up the levels. 1. Yes 2. No 7. If you buy the points more often, explain why? 1. I do not like to play for long to get points. 2. I do not get the time to play very often. 3. I am a beginner, so I have bought the Riot Points for the first time. 8. I play only when Riot Points are distributed free. 1. Yes 2. No 9. Are you a fan of the Face book page of the League of Legends? 1. Yes 2. No 10. Have you watched the League of Legends 2012? 1. Yes 2. No 11. Have you watched the You tube videos of League of Legends 2012? 1. Yes 2. No 12. Do you have League of Legends costume? 1. Yes 2. No 13. If yes, ho w did you get it? 1. Bought it 2. Got as a gift 3. I do not have the costume 14. If you have the costume you like using it because 1. I like to flaunt it in front of my friends. 2. I look like an avid player of League of Legends. 3. I like the get up and appearance of the costume. 4. All of the above. 5. I have the costume but do not use it much. 6. I do not have the costume. 15. Which is the best champion you have played? â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 16. What feature of the champion do you like best? Please explain why. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. Power point Presentation summary PPT 1. Week 9 Critical thinking and deve loping scholarly argument The world is changing very fast. These changes hold profound implications on our lives, particularly on our thinking and learning (Paul, Paul & Elder, 2002, p.1). The meaning of the term ââ¬Ëcritical thinkingââ¬â¢ might be understood as ââ¬Ëdiscerning judgment based on standardsââ¬â¢. As Moon says it, ââ¬Å"Critical thinking is ââ¬Ëthoughtfulââ¬â¢ thinkingâ⬠(Moon, 2012, p. 20). It makes a person present a point of view as a structured argument from which a conclusion can be drawn. It is important to be able to make a critical thinking as it helps in reading the underlying logic in someoneââ¬â¢s point of view. It would be of immense help in the workplace. A clear conception eases out many complex situations which are caused on the ground of false premises. Critical thinking would lead to building alternative logical explanation for a cause thereby helping in validation or rejection of an argument on solid grounds. PPT 2. Week 10 T echniques for critical reading Critical reading of any article helps us ââ¬Å"assess the value of the work it reportsâ⬠(Wallace & Wray, 2011, p. 4). Although academic writing is generally much benign, readers should look out for hidden layers in an academic text. By making a critical reading of a text one should be able to understand what a text means and how a text works by analyzing the information, interpreting the knowledge received and evaluating the inference drawn. Before reading the article one has to follow two steps, survey and questions; firstly, to look over the whole article, check the major heading and sub-headings and read the introduction and summary closely. Secondly, one should note down the main points that
Monday, November 18, 2019
Social Role Exit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Social Role Exit - Essay Example I accepted a job at one of the popular fast food chains and got very attached to the job. However, I started getting some cues that were not so positive. I indicated to my co-workers that it was time to exit my role as a customer service representative but they tried to convince me to stay. I had some first doubts but it so happened that the recession resulted in lay offs and redundancies and so I was basically forced to leave. I was disappointed and started to seriously look for alternatives. I had started this process already but it had become real urgent. This job was central because it financed some of my basic needs ââ¬â food and clothes. My first doubts centered on relinquishing my independence. I sought some alternatives and weighed them to determine the pros and cons. I thought about how I would manage. I had taken on a different life style where each week I would have bought myself something, whether it was a piece of clothing or something of some significance. I have ha d some turning points in my life as I felt I had to do something different to catch-up with my former school-mates. My former co-workers hardly communicate with me. This created a vacuum in my life but I have gotten over it as I have managed to get some support from family members.
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Film Auteur Theory
Film Auteur Theory ââ¬ËThe auteur theory can be summarised most simply as an acknowledgement of the director as the primary and shaping force behind a film (Craig Keller). How is Godards ââ¬Ëprimary and shaping influence detectable, if indeed, it is? Introduction The auteur theory or la politique des auteurs was a principle developed in the 1950s by a group of French film critics namely: Eric Rohmer, Francois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard. These critics wanted to see an end to the ââ¬Å"literaryâ⬠, ââ¬Å"lifelessâ⬠and not ââ¬Å"truly cinematicâ⬠conventional cinema of the 1930s and 1940s. Inspired by fellow film critic Alexandre Astrucs camera-stylo theory which argued that ââ¬Å"filmmakers should use their equipment as spontaneously, flexibly and personally as a writer uses a penâ⬠these young critics wanted to break the constraints of conventional cinema. Through the experimentation of different cinematic techniques they began to implement their own personal artistic values in films, as directors. It was therefore their belief that an auteur is ââ¬Å"the single individual most responsible for whatever personal expression (if any) a movie yielded up under critical analysisâ⬠. This definition has become the most universally understood of the auteur theory and therefore the one which will be referred to during this essay. Prior to the development of the auteur theory, a large majority of films were produced, shot and edited in a similar style. Large studios, with fixed cameras and the scriptwriter having overall control were the order of the day thus creating a rigid style of film production. The auteurs became the primary shaping force behind a movie, manipulating scenes to fit their style rather than employing the traditional method of following scriptwriters prompts. The auteur theory was initiated in the 1950s by a group of French Film Critics including the likes of Eric Rohmer, Francois Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard and Jacques Rivette. These critics spoke out against la tradition de la qualità © of cinema from the 1930s and 40s a period coined le cinà ©ma de papa claiming it to be ââ¬Å"literaryâ⬠, ââ¬Å"lifelessâ⬠and not ââ¬Å"truly cinematicâ⬠. In terms of the auteur theory Jean-Luc Godard was seen as the truly radical auteur. By most he is today seen as one of the most innovative and artistic directors having created his own ââ¬ËGordards style. Whilst for others such as Susan Sontag he is ââ¬Ëthe deliberate destroyer of cinema. Either way Godard epitomizes a director out to challenge traditional cinema. Through his early films, such as Vivre sa Vie: Film en douze tableaux (1962) and Une femme est une femme he began to interrogate and illuminate conventional cinema via new cinematic and artistic techniques. He has since become very much the pivotal protagonist of the auteur theory. Objectives This essay will assess the extent to which Jean-Luc Godards ââ¬Ëprimary and shaping influence is detectable in his films. In the main body of this essay I will consider Godards ability to implement his own cinematic style through several inventive techniques. I will consider his ability to challenge the barriers between off screen and on screen reality through his use of sound and editing techniques. I will however, also argue that any kind of definition of the auteur theory oversimplifies the realities of a film making process and can therefore not be seen as a definitive theory. Andrew Sarris explains, one of the premises for an auteur is that the director must ââ¬Ëexhibit certain recurring characteristics of style which serve as his signatureâ⬠¦over a group of his films. It is therefore my intention to make reference to four of Godards films to highlight his during the Nouvelle Vague period. I will, therefore, make reference to four of Godards films: A bout de Souffle (1960), Une femme est une femme (1961), Vivre sa vie: Film en douze tableaux (1962) and Le Mepris (1963) to demonstrateâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ When cosidering these films one of the most common trends noticeable is his need to challenge the barriers of off screen and on screen reality. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, films were predominantly revised novels put on screen. To most directors As Kreidel suggested in 1980 ââ¬Å"[N]o one has yet made a more modern cinema than Godardâ⬠. Indeed, Godard through his reaction against traditional realism typifies someone who represents reality with recourse to conventional cinema. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, directors followed very strict rules in their film making process in which they filmed in large studios with artificial lighting and with scripts which prevented improvisation. Godard completely reversed these rules in his films by directing them in a very spontaneous manner. Following the release of A Bout de Souffle actor Jean-Pierre Melville who played Parvulesco in the film said Godards movie was ââ¬Å"anything shot anyhowâ⬠. Godard himself confirmed that ââ¬Å"on A Bout de Souffle I used to write the evening before shooting.â⬠According to Godard, the reason for him doing this was because ââ¬Å"I liked to be surprised. If you know in advance everything you are going to do, it isnt worth doing. If a sh ow is all written down, what is the point of filming it? What use is cinema if it trails after literature?â⬠This idea of filmmaking was revolutionary at the time and was a way in which Godard was implementing his own directional style to his movies. One of Godards earliest artistic influences came when directing his first motion picture A Bout de Souffle. Despite the film being a simple naturalistic movie with the camera following the characters in a deliberately real world filming realistic images, several factors led to the film being cut, mainly due to the length of the film. This created one of Godards most innovative filming techniques, the jump shot, and an editing method which would truly show Godard ability as a cinematic artist. The jump shot essentially create discontinuity in his films as it would catapult the action from one scene to the next with no palpable transition. One of the most noticeable examples of Godards jump shots in A Bout de Souffle came in the scene when Jean Seberg who plays Patricia is a passenger in the scene when Jean-Paul Belmondos character Michel drives her round the centre of Paris in a stolen convertible. During this scene there are up to seven jump shots in rapid succession of the position of Patricia head and the streets of Paris. In creating such a deliberately jagged shot Godard reminds the audience that they are watching a film, and not life itself, a concept vital to Godard when directing his films. One of the most innovative ways in which Godards primary and shaping force is evident in his films can be shown through his use of colour. In conventional cinema, colour was generally used in order to increase the commerciality of films. When it was occasionally used, it enhanced the mood in separate scenes. Godard as a notable auteur employed a far more ambitious use of colour. In his first two colour films Une femme est une femme and Le Mà ©pris he predominantly used primary colours due to him being influenced by ââ¬Å"modern art: straight color, ââ¬Ëpop artâ⬠. Godard uses bold primary colours to indicate the characterisation and narrative development in his films but in such a way that it does not act upon the viewer in a directly sensual way. In Godards first colour film Une femme est une femme, Angela is intent on having a child with her husband Emile. Emile however, is not so keen on the idea and comes across as rather blasà © about the subject; he predominantly wear s blue in the film which symbolises his rather laid back nature. After being repeatedly refused by Emile on the topic of having a baby, Angela goes to Emiles friend Albert to have an affair in the hope to conceive. Albert despite being happy to oblige feels no real affection for Angela and this is shown as he mainly wears grey to symbolise his disinterest in her. In Godards second colour film Le Mà ©pris Godard continues the pattern of using colour to represent characters personalities but tends to also use colour thematically. In the opening scene, when Camille is lying in bed with Paul discussing how much they love each other, Godard uses colour filters which are seen as a representative of what is going to happen in the film. If one considers that red symbolises love, white incertitude and blue coldness then it maps out what happens in the film, love to ambivalence to contempt. Furthermore, when examining the colours that are worn by the characters in the film, the reoccurring theme of Godard using colour to represent personality reappears. Paul the scriptwriter in the film is seen in a grey suit with blue specks highlighting his passive personality during the film. Jerry the ambitious American film producer is mostly seen in a blue suit, red tie and driving a red sports car which in turn highlights his dominant greedy and selfish nature. In addition, Camille is shown in several coloured dresses throughout the film so as to emphasize her continual change of emotions. Finally Francesca, Jerrys secretary wears a red jumper in the scene when she seduces Paul which again emphasizes Godards attempt to symbolise emotional currents in the film. It is important to note that several critics have suggested that on top of Godard using colour thematically the primary colours are also a referent to American musicals, a genre which fascinated Godard. This referent is most evidently seen in the opening credits of Une femme est une femme when bold colourful words flash up on the screen like neon lights reflecting the lavishness of the American musical. Furthermore, other critics suggest that the primary colours are a referent to either the French flag or American flag which again represents Godards primary and shaping influence within this film. A pivotal part in defining Godard as the primary and shaping force of his films can be seen in his use of sound. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, sound was employed in film to replicate audibly the visual emotion of a scene in order to captivate the audience and make a scene appear more ââ¬Ërealistic. Martin Heidegger highlights this tradition by saying that viewers have become accustomed to sounds ââ¬Å"elegant effectsâ⬠and thus treats them as real. Godard however, firmly believed that in ââ¬Ëfaking sound to captivate the audience, one is taking away the realism which he wanted in films. A point agreed by Richard Roud who suggested that ââ¬Å"even in the most so-called realist film, sound has always been an exceptionâ⬠. It was therefore Godards intention to restore sound so that it would captivate ââ¬Ëreal life by refusing to edit or remix any previously recorded track, which he defined as sonic realism. One of Godards most notable examples of this was seen in A Bout de Souffle. Due to the sound being naturally recorded there are several scenes in the film when some of the characters conversations are muffled by natural or real noises. The use of natural sound reaches a peak during the scene in Patricias apartment when the noise of the sirens bellowing in through the open window actually drowns out the characters dialogue. Rather than being a distraction that takes the viewer out of the moment, the use of natural sou nd here, and throughout the film, only heighten the realism. After all, in life, it would be unrealistic to sit in a room with an open window in the centre of Paris and not hear any intrusive sounds. Jean Colet praises Godards creation of realism through sound stating ââ¬Å"[Godard applies] to sound the same demands as for the pictures. [He captures] life in what it offers to be seen-and to be heard-directly.â⬠Godards artistic use of sound can also be seen through his use of music in his films. In Godards Une Femme est une Femme he begins to break up music in short bursts. This use of music gives the sense of the film as a sort of assemblage different bits of the material world put together in a particular way. This further exemplifies Godards use of experimentation as when asked about his use of sound and music he said Things are there: but lets see how they work. Second Section It is undeniable that Godard has produced some of the most inspiring and innovative films through his use of story line and cinematic techniques. His exploitation of light, colour, and sound, editing and alienating the audience showed Godard had revolutionised traditional French cinema and in doing so has inspired modern day film directors such as Quentin Tarrantino. However, in using Kellers summary that an auteur is simply the primary and shaping force of his films it is unquestionably oversimplifying the realities of the film making process. As Godard changed so much in his films compared to traditional cinema it is not possible for him to be praised for every aspect of his films creation. Godard said in an interview in 1983: ââ¬Å"I find it useless to keep offering the public the ââ¬Ëauteur. In Venice, when I got the prize of the Golden Lion I said that I deserve only probably the mane of this lion, and maybe the tail. Everything in the middle should go to all the others who work on the picture: the paws to the director of photography, theface to the editor, the body to the actors. I dont believe in the solitude ofâ⬠¦the auteur with a capital Aâ⬠. Furthermore, Godard admitted that him and the likes of Truffaut, Rohmer and Rivette whilst taking the plaudits for the auteur theory, exaggerated the significance of the theory so as to establish personal expression as one of the primary values in Nouvelle Vague films. Several theorists have also raised doubts as to the significance of the auteur. Foulcault and Roland Barthes suggest that all creative ideas are moulded by the social and political forces that surround us. They go on to state that ideas are contrived from the knowledge that one has gained from past experiences. If one puts this in the context of Godards films it would suggest that Godards cinematic ideas and techniques were influenced by what he has learnt from past experiences. An example of this can be seen in his indirect use of Brechtian distanciation. Whilst it is evident that he was inspired by Brechts idea of alienating the audience to prevent them from being passive observers can one really claim that Godards cinematic techniques were not the result of Brechts indirect influence? Furthermore, when analysing many of Godards films, Godard refers to several quotes from the likes of William Faulkner and Edgar Poe. These are quotes which could have been easily edited but instead G odard ââ¬Å"taste for quotationâ⬠suggests that he is not the primary and shaping force in his films.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
American Teenagers and Plastic Surgery Essay -- Health Medicine Beauty
American Teenagers and Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is not a new field of medicine. Traditionally, plastic surgery dealt with fixing abnormalities of the body, but recently people are enjoying the luxury of plastic surgery simply because they are not happy with their appearance. People make appointments with plastic surgeons for procedures such as rhinoplasty, liposuction, tummy tucks, face lifts, and most commonly breast augmentation. These people look forward to desired results from such procedures without considering the risks. Many risks accompany plastic surgery, but they are rarely discussed in the media. Death is even a possible conclusion of the surgery. Why would people subject themselves to such conditions as having their face swollen for weeks, barely being able to walk, and the excruciating pain that comes after they awaken from surgery? Even more important is the question, why are teenagers becoming more and more eager to get plastic surgery operations performed on themselves? Sometimes teenagers have certain features that can benefit from plastic surgery, but most of the time society makes teenagers have an altered sense of the perfect body image. In reality, the perfect body image is something that does not exist. Plastic surgeons comment about how common it is to meet a young patient who would like to have features of their favorite celebrities. Young women want Jennifer Lopezââ¬â¢s bottom, Jennifer Anistonââ¬â¢s nose, and Britney Spearsââ¬â¢ facial features. Young men would like to have Brad Pittââ¬â¢s facial features. To me, such expectations seem implausible. God made me the way I am. I would not change a thing. But I am sure that at one time the teenagers who are receiving these procedures believed th... ... life is simply to learn to love yourself just the way you are. So the bottom line is: Teenagers should be educated by society on the dangers of plastic surgery. They should be aware of the bad as well as the good. But, when it comes down to the decision whether or not to have plastic surgery, I hope that teenagers will use their better judgment and not the judgment of other people as a factor. Works Cited Bermant, Michael, ââ¬Å"Cosmetic Plastic Surgery in Teens.â⬠American Board of Plastic Surgery (2004). 31 Aug. 2004 . Davis, Robert, ââ¬Å"Teens' cosmetic dreams don't always come true.â⬠USA Today (2004). 2 Oct. 2004 . Dolan, Deidre, ââ¬Å"The Kindest Cut: Teens and Plastic Surgery.â⬠The New York Observer (2004). 4 Oct. 2004 .
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